An investigation using satellite imagery, videos and interviews has found that Iranian strikes and attacks by allied groups damaged key infrastructure across the Gulf, with some public explanations describing the impact as limited or attributing damage to falling debris.
The analysis identified damage to oil-routing equipment at Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar’s Ras Laffan liquefied natural gas complex and facilities along Saudi Arabia’s East-West pipeline. It also documented attacks on airports and other sites in several countries.
At Fujairah, officials attributed some damage to debris from intercepted weapons. Satellite imagery reviewed by investigators, however, indicated that some strikes hit specific infrastructure directly. The distinction matters because damage to specialised equipment can interrupt operations even when a facility remains standing.
The findings point to possible consequences for fuel exports, energy supplies and shipping across a region central to global trade. Assessing the full extent remains difficult: wartime restrictions limit the release of photographs and information, and public statements do not always describe the condition of affected sites. Satellite analysis offers additional evidence, but does not settle every question about responsibility or economic impact.
